Sabbath confrontations
Luke 6:1–11FocusMercy and doing good
Connection to the wholeThe grainfield and healing disputes expose competing responses to human need and intensify opposition to Jesus.
interpretation Luke 6:22
KJVBlessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of man's sake.
Read it in context
Blessing, love, and mercy
Start reading at Luke 6:20 (Luke 6:20 to Luke 6:38).
An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
Blessings and woes lead into commands to love enemies, show mercy, and give, challenging ordinary patterns of reciprocity.
- 6:20 And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said, Blessed be ye poor: for yours is the kingdom of God.
- 6:21 Blessed are ye that hunger now: for ye shall be filled. Blessed are ye that weep now: for ye shall laugh.
- 6:22 Blessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of man's sake.
- 6:23 Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy: for, behold, your reward is great in heaven: for in the like manner did their fathers unto the prophets.
- 6:24 But woe unto you that are rich! for ye have received your consolation.
- 6:25 Woe unto you that are full! for ye shall hunger. Woe unto you that laugh now! for ye shall mourn and weep.
- 6:26 Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you! for so did their fathers to the false prophets.
- 6:27 But I say unto you which hear, Love your enemies, do good to them which hate you,
- 6:28 Bless them that curse you, and pray for them which despitefully use you.
- 6:29 And unto him that smiteth thee on the one cheek offer also the other; and him that taketh away thy cloak forbid not to take thy coat also.
- 6:30 Give to every man that asketh of thee; and of him that taketh away thy goods ask them not again.
- 6:31 And as ye would that men should do to you, do ye also to them likewise.
- 6:32 For if ye love them which love you, what thank have ye? for sinners also love those that love them.
- 6:33 And if ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have ye? for sinners also do even the same.
- 6:34 And if ye lend to them of whom ye hope to receive, what thank have ye? for sinners also lend to sinners, to receive as much again.
- 6:35 But love ye your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing again; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the children of the Highest: for he is kind unto the unthankful and to the evil.
- 6:36 Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful.
- 6:37 Judge not, and ye shall not be judged: condemn not, and ye shall not be condemned: forgive, and ye shall be forgiven:
- 6:38 Give, and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal it shall be measured to you again.
Who
- Who wrote the book? Luke, the physician and companion of Paul, is the author identified by early church tradition for both Luke and Acts. Biblical references: Colossians 4:14; Philemon 1:24. Historical source: Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.1.1; Anchor Bible Dictionary, Luke–Acts. traditionally held
- Who was present or being addressed in this passage? Jesus teaches His disciples in the presence of a large gathering from Judaea, Jerusalem, and the coastal region of Tyre and Sidon. Passage: Luke 6:17–49. stated in the text
- Who was the book written to? Theophilus is the named recipient, already instructed in the matters Luke recounts. Wider readers also benefit, but identifying Theophilus as a particular official or assigning him a precise biography goes beyond the available evidence. Biblical references: Luke 1:3; Luke 1:4. Historical source: Anchor Bible Dictionary, Luke–Acts. stated in the text
What
- What is the topic of this reading unit? Blessing, love, and mercy. Read Luke 6:20 through Luke 6:38 as a connected unit. interpretation
- How does it contribute to the book? Blessings and woes lead into commands to love enemies, show mercy, and give, challenging ordinary patterns of reciprocity. interpretation
When
- When are the events or message set? The account connects events with named rulers and begins before Jesus' birth, continuing through His resurrection and ascension. Those narrative dates do not themselves date composition. book background
Where
- What is the book’s geographic setting? The narrative ranges through Judea and Galilee and gives sustained attention to the journey toward Jerusalem. book background
- Where does the context start? This passage sits in Blessing, love, and mercy (Luke 6:20 to Luke 6:38). Start reading at Luke 6:20. An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
How
- How does this book connect with Jesus Christ? Luke presents Jesus as the Saviour and records His explanation that the Scriptures concern His suffering and glory. Keep this broad claim alongside the particular passages He and the narrator actually connect. See Luke 2:11, Luke 19:10, Luke 24:26, Luke 24:27. interpretation
- How should this book guide our response? Attend to repentance, mercy, prayer, and faithful response. Identify who is being addressed in a parable or rebuke before applying it to someone else. interpretation
Cited: Luke 6:20, Luke 6:38, Luke 2:11, Luke 19:10, Luke 24:26, Luke 24:27
Who wrote it, and how we know
Luke, the physician and companion of Paul
From early tradition
What Scripture saysThe author writes in the first person to Theophilus and describes carefully investigating eyewitness accounts, but does not give his name.
Luke 1:1Luke 1:3
Early traditionEarly testimony, including Irenaeus and the Muratorian fragment, names Luke, the physician and companion of Paul.
What is debatedThe name is not in the text.
Related passages
- when men Matt 5:10-12 Matt 10:22 Mark 13:9-13 John 7:7 John 15:18-20 John 17:14 2 Cor 11:23-26 Phil 1:28-30
- separate Luke 20:15 Isa 65:5 Isa 66:5 John 9:22-28,34 John 12:42 John 16:2 Acts 22:22 Acts 24:5
- for Luke 21:17 Matt 10:18,22,39 Acts 9:16 1 Cor 4:10-11
Cross references from CrossReferences-org (CC BY 4.0).
Macro-Structure
See how this passage fits the chapter and the book.
Luke 6
The opening addresses Theophilus and explains the purpose of giving an orderly account so he may know the certainty of what he has been taught. Read the narrative as it moves from preparation for Jesus' birth to His resurrection and the promised witness.
Luke 1:1 Luke 1:3 Luke 1:4 Luke 24:47
The twelve and the multitude
Luke 6:12–19FocusApostles and the gathering hearers
Connection to the wholeJesus chooses the twelve after prayer, then stands among disciples and crowds before delivering the teaching that follows.
interpretation FocusLife shaped by God's kindness
Connection to the wholeBlessings and woes lead into commands to love enemies, show mercy, and give, challenging ordinary patterns of reciprocity.
interpretation Fruit and foundations
Luke 6:39–49FocusThe reality of obedience
Connection to the wholeThe closing images distinguish sound guidance and good fruit from appearance, ending with the necessity of doing what Jesus says.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.
Luke
The opening addresses Theophilus and explains the purpose of giving an orderly account so he may know the certainty of what he has been taught. Read the narrative as it moves from preparation for Jesus' birth to His resurrection and the promised witness.
Luke 1:1 Luke 1:3 Luke 1:4 Luke 24:47
The births and early years
Luke 1:1–2:52FocusPromise, praise, and preparation
Connection to the wholeThe birth announcements and childhood accounts locate Jesus' coming within God's promises and the expectations expressed by faithful witnesses.
interpretation The ministry prepared
Luke 3:1–4:13FocusJohn, baptism, and temptation
Connection to the wholeJohn's call to repentance, Jesus' baptism, the genealogy, and the temptation prepare the public ministry.
interpretation FocusAuthority, mercy, and recognition
Connection to the wholeTeaching and mighty works reveal Jesus' identity while He forms disciples and begins to explain His coming suffering.
interpretation The journey toward Jerusalem
Luke 9:51–19:27FocusFollowing Jesus on the way
Connection to the wholeThe extended journey gathers teaching about repentance, prayer, possessions, mercy, and readiness as Jesus approaches His death.
interpretation Jerusalem and the temple
Luke 19:28–21:38FocusVisitation, conflict, and watchfulness
Connection to the wholeThe entry and temple ministry bring confrontation and teaching about Jerusalem's distress and the need to watch.
interpretation Passion, resurrection, and commission
Luke 22:1–24:53FocusScripture fulfilled and witness prepared
Connection to the wholeJesus' death and resurrection are interpreted through Scripture, leading to the proclamation of repentance and remission of sins and the promise of power.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.