Bread and the sea
John 6:1–21FocusProvision and authority
Connection to the wholeThe feeding and crossing display Jesus' power and prepare the crowd's pursuit of Him and the discussion about bread.
interpretation John 6:63
KJVIt is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life.
Read it in context
Division among disciples
Start reading at John 6:60 (John 6:60 to John 6:71).
An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
Many withdraw, while Peter confesses that Jesus has the words of eternal life; the closing reference to Judas prevents an uncomplicated picture of the twelve.
- 6:60 Many therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, This is an hard saying; who can hear it?
- 6:61 When Jesus knew in himself that his disciples murmured at it, he said unto them, Doth this offend you?
- 6:62 What and if ye shall see the Son of man ascend up where he was before?
- 6:63 It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life.
- 6:64 But there are some of you that believe not. For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were that believed not, and who should betray him.
- 6:65 And he said, Therefore said I unto you, that no man can come unto me, except it were given unto him of my Father.
- 6:66 From that time many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him.
- 6:67 Then said Jesus unto the twelve, Will ye also go away?
- 6:68 Then Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life.
- 6:69 And we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God.
- 6:70 Jesus answered them, Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a devil?
- 6:71 He spake of Judas Iscariot the son of Simon: for he it was that should betray him, being one of the twelve.
Who
- Who wrote the book? John the apostle is the traditional author. The Gospel identifies its witness as the beloved disciple; identifying that disciple personally as John rests on early church testimony. Biblical references: John 21:20; John 21:24. Historical source: Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.1.1; Anchor Bible Dictionary, John, Gospel of. traditionally held
- Who was present or being addressed in this passage? In the surrounding chapter context (John 6:1–6:71): Jesus feeds the crowd and teaches about the bread of life; the disciples, disputing hearers, departing followers, and the twelve respond in different ways. stated in the text
- Who was the book written to? Readers called to believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and to have life through His name. No individual or congregation is named as the sole original recipient. Biblical references: John 20:30; John 20:31. stated in the text
What
- What is the topic of this reading unit? Division among disciples. Read John 6:60 through John 6:71 as a connected unit. interpretation
- How does it contribute to the book? Many withdraw, while Peter confesses that Jesus has the words of eternal life; the closing reference to Judas prevents an uncomplicated picture of the twelve. interpretation
When
- When are the events or message set? The Gospel moves through Jesus' ministry, including named feasts, to His death, resurrection, and appearances. It does not state a composition date. book background
Where
- What is the book’s geographic setting? The narrative includes Galilee, Judea, Samaria, Jerusalem, and places beyond Jordan. Conversations and reported journeys establish each local setting. book background
- Where does the context start? This passage sits in Division among disciples (John 6:60 to John 6:71). Start reading at John 6:60. An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
How
- How does this book connect with Jesus Christ? John identifies the Word made flesh and states the Gospel's purpose concerning belief in Jesus and life through His name. Belief should be read with the Gospel's own calls to continue in His word and keep His commandments. See John 1:14, John 8:31, John 14:15, John 20:31. interpretation
- How should this book guide our response? Respond to Jesus with active trust and continued obedience. Do not isolate a promise about belief from the audience, dialogue, and surrounding teaching that define its meaning. interpretation
Cited: John 6:60, John 6:71, John 1:14, John 8:31, John 14:15, John 20:31
Who wrote it, and how we know
John the apostle
Named in Scripture
What Scripture saysThe book identifies its author as the disciple who testifies of these things and wrote them.
John 21:24John 21:20
Early traditionEarly testimony, notably Irenaeus, names John the apostle.
What is debated
There is substantial early Christian tradition supporting John the son of Zebedee—James’s brother—as the authority behind the Gospel, but it is not the same kind of evidence as having a signed first-century manuscript saying “I, John son of Zebedee, wrote this.” The case is cumulative, built from internal evidence in the Gospel plus external testimony from early Christians. There are also real reasons scholars debate it.
Related passages
- the spirit Gen 2:7 Rom 8:2 1 Cor 15:45 2 Cor 3:6 Gal 5:25 1 Pet 3:18
- the flesh Rom 2:25 Rom 3:1-2 1 Cor 11:27-29 Gal 5:6 Gal 6:15 1 Tim 4:8 Heb 13:9 1 Pet 3:21
- the words John 6:68 John 12:49-50 Deut 32:47 Ps 19:7-10 Ps 119:50,93,130 Rom 10:8-10,17 1 Cor 2:9-14 2 Cor 3:6-8
Cross references from CrossReferences-org (CC BY 4.0).
Macro-Structure
See how this passage fits the chapter and the book.
John 6
The Gospel states that its signs are written so readers may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and have life through His name. Read its claims about belief alongside its calls to receive His word, continue in it, and follow Him.
John 20:30 John 20:31 John 8:31
The bread from heaven
John 6:22–40FocusComing to Jesus
Connection to the wholeJesus redirects the crowd from perishable food to Himself, identifying His mission with the Father's will and the giving of life.
interpretation The living bread
John 6:41–59FocusLife through Jesus' flesh and blood
Connection to the wholeJesus' further explanation intensifies the challenge of His claim and connects the bread image with His self-giving for the world's life.
interpretation FocusWords of life and departure
Connection to the wholeMany withdraw, while Peter confesses that Jesus has the words of eternal life; the closing reference to Judas prevents an uncomplicated picture of the twelve.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.
John
The Gospel states that its signs are written so readers may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and have life through His name. Read its claims about belief alongside its calls to receive His word, continue in it, and follow Him.
John 20:30 John 20:31 John 8:31
The Word made flesh
John 1:1–18FocusRevelation and life
Connection to the wholeThe opening identifies the Word and His coming in flesh, providing the frame for the testimony and encounters that follow.
interpretation The first signs and witnesses
John 1:19–4:54FocusReceiving Jesus' revelation
Connection to the wholeEarly signs and conversations disclose Jesus' identity while distinguishing superficial response from receiving His testimony.
interpretation FocusLife, light, and the shepherd
Connection to the wholeJesus' signs and explanations provoke belief and hostility, developing the question of who He is and how His voice is received.
interpretation The approach of the hour
John 11:1–12:50FocusLazarus, Jerusalem, and the coming death
Connection to the wholeThe raising of Lazarus intensifies the plot, and Jesus interprets His approaching death as His hour comes into view.
interpretation Jesus and His disciples
John 13:1–17:26FocusLove, abiding, and prayer
Connection to the wholeThe farewell teaching prepares the disciples for His departure, the Comforter, opposition, and continuing life and witness in Him.
interpretation Death, resurrection, and testimony
John 18:1–21:25FocusThe finished work and risen Lord
Connection to the wholeThe passion and resurrection accounts lead to the Gospel's stated purpose and Jesus' renewed charge to His followers.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.