FocusDesires, humility, and drawing near
Connection to the wholeJames traces conflict to disordered desires and calls for submission, repentance, and humility before God.
interpretation James 4:7
KJVSubmit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
Read it in context
The source of quarrels
Start reading at James 4:1 (James 4:1 to James 4:10).
An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
James traces conflict to disordered desires and calls for submission, repentance, and humility before God.
- 4:1 From whence come wars and fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your lusts that war in your members?
- 4:2 Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and desire to have, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war, yet ye have not, because ye ask not.
- 4:3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts.
- 4:4 Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God.
- 4:5 Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy?
- 4:6 But he giveth more grace. Wherefore he saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.
- 4:7 Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
- 4:8 Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye double minded.
- 4:9 Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.
- 4:10 Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall lift you up.
Who
- Who wrote the book? James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, is the named author. He is traditionally identified as James the Lord's brother and a leader of the Jerusalem church. Biblical references: James 1:1; Galatians 1:19; Acts 15:13. stated in the text
- Who was present or being addressed in this passage? In the surrounding chapter context (James 4:1–5:20): James challenges his hearers about quarrels, pride, presumptuous plans, and oppressive wealth, then instructs the brethren about patience, prayer, elders, and restoring someone who wanders. stated in the text
- Who was the book written to? The twelve tribes scattered abroad, as the greeting states; the letter addresses its hearers as brethren who hold faith in Jesus Christ. Biblical references: James 1:1; James 2:1. stated in the text
What
- What is the topic of this reading unit? The source of quarrels. Read James 4:1 through James 4:10 as a connected unit. interpretation
- How does it contribute to the book? James traces conflict to disordered desires and calls for submission, repentance, and humility before God. interpretation
When
- When are the events or message set? The letter addresses trials and conduct among its readers without providing a calendar date. book background
Where
- What is the book’s geographic setting? The twelve tribes scattered abroad are addressed; the exact place of writing is not stated. book background
- Where does the context start? This passage sits in The source of quarrels (James 4:1 to James 4:10). Start reading at James 4:1. An editorial reading unit, not a claim that the surrounding context stops here. Book background below applies to the shared passage; individual verses may need more specific explanation.
How
- How does this book connect with Jesus Christ? The letter names the Lord Jesus Christ and insists that faith be shown in conduct. Its teaching about works should be read within its examples of claimed faith that fails to act. See James 1:1, James 2:1, James 2:17, James 2:18. interpretation
- How should this book guide our response? Be a doer of the word, control speech, reject partiality, and care for those in need. A verbal claim to faith is tested by the conduct the letter describes. interpretation
Cited: James 4:1, James 4:10, James 1:1, James 2:1, James 2:17, James 2:18
Who wrote it, and how we know
James, the Lord's brother
Named in Scripture
What Scripture saysThe letter names James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ.
James 1:1
Early traditionTradition identifies him as James the Lord's brother, leader in Jerusalem.
What is debatedSeveral men are named James in the New Testament, so the identification rests on tradition.
Related passages
- Submit 1 Sam 3:18 2 Sam 15:26 2 Kgs 1:13-15 2 Chr 30:8 2 Chr 33:12-13 Job 1:21 Job 40:3-5 Job 42:1-6
- Resist Matt 4:3-11 Luke 4:2-13 Eph 4:27 Eph 6:11-12 1 Pet 5:8-9 Rev 12:9-11
Cross references from CrossReferences-org (CC BY 4.0).
Macro-Structure
See how this passage fits the chapter and the book.
James 4
James identifies himself as a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ and addresses the twelve tribes scattered abroad. The letter tests professed faith by endurance, obedience, impartial love, controlled speech, and practical mercy.
James 1:1 James 1:22 James 2:17
Speaking against a brother
James 4:11–12FocusThe one lawgiver and judge
Connection to the wholeThe correction of speech applies the preceding call to humility to the treatment of fellow believers.
interpretation Boasting about tomorrow
James 4:13–17FocusPlans under God's will
Connection to the wholeJames confronts presumptuous planning with life's uncertainty and the responsibility to do known good.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.
James
James identifies himself as a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ and addresses the twelve tribes scattered abroad. The letter tests professed faith by endurance, obedience, impartial love, controlled speech, and practical mercy.
James 1:1 James 1:22 James 2:17
Trials and God's gifts
James 1:1–18FocusEndurance, wisdom, and desire
Connection to the wholeJames distinguishes testing from temptation to evil and directs the readers toward God's generosity and their response under pressure.
interpretation Hearers who become doers
James 1:19–2:26FocusImpartiality and living faith
Connection to the wholeThe word received must shape conduct toward others; the extended argument refuses to separate professed faith from obedient works.
interpretation FocusThe tongue and the heart's allegiance
Connection to the wholeTeaching about speech leads to contrasts in wisdom and a diagnosis of quarrels rooted in divided desires.
interpretation Humble plans and patient conduct
James 4:13–5:20FocusWealth, the Lord's coming, and prayer
Connection to the wholeThe closing movement addresses boasting, oppression, endurance, truthful speech, prayer, and restoring the wanderer.
interpretation Suggested literary divisions. Headings summarize the passage; they are not part of the biblical text.